This isn't meant to be a scientific article on what sugar is, or what are all the differences between the various types of sugar.
When you need to, or want to, avoid sugar, you need to know what are all the other similar food ingredients that produce the same or similar effects in your body.
Here is a list of those items. It was compiled primarily from the writings of Dr. Robert Aktins who is probably the foremost authority on this subject. When he was alive he had probably the largest clinical practice in treating people for obesity, overweight conditions and the diseases they cause. He was not an ivory tower professor. He was a down to earth practical innovator in the field who treated all types of patients. While he is most well known for his popular weight loss diet, his work has far more importance than merely weight loss.
Here is a list:
agave syrup
cane juice
corn syrup
dextrose
evaporated cane juice
fructose
honey
lactose
maltose
malts - such as barley malt, etc.
maple syrup
molasses
pure sugar cane
rice syrup
sorbitol, and most ingredients ending in -ol (a suffix for biochemical alcohol)
sucrose, and most ingredients ending in -ose (a suffix for biochemical sugar)
syrup, really any sweet syrup
... and all the variations of the above, and other similar
nonsense names being used to say SUGAR. Every year the "sugar pushers" come up with new names to trick you into thinking that eating sugar is good for you or okay to eat. Probably the best recent example is "organic evaporated cane juice". Tragically, the worst offenders in this are often "health food" manufacturers and stores. They are really the worst traitors because they should know better, and they do know better. They are being highly unethical.